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Many lifesaving medical devices such as urinary catheters, pacemakers, intrauterine devices and voice prosthesis, which are usually inserted into some part of the body, are plagued by a common problem – ‘bacterial biofilms’. These ‘biofilms’ grow on the surfaces of these devices and may cause infections. They are harder to treat than individual bacteria and need about 1000 – 10000 times stronger dose of antibiotics. But this may no longer be the case, as a group of scientists led by Prof. Dipshikha Chakravortty and Prof. Jagadeesh Gopalan from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, have found a novel method to fight biofilm infections.

If you just relished a cup of yogurt or a platter of cheese, its time to thank the cook – bacteria! Yes, these microorganisms cook up the magic by converting the lactose in milk into lactic acid, thus giving a relishing taste. However, bacteria are often associated with diseases and despair they bring about – think of tuberculosis or ulcers – and are despised.

Indian astronomers have detected microstructure emissions from a millisecond pulsar for the first time. Millisecond pulsars (MSP) are highly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron stars that take as little as one-thousandth to one-hundredth of a second to rotate about its axis once. In a recently published study, scientists from the Department of Physics at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA), Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR), have discovered these microstructure emissions using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), an array of thirty antennae scanning the sky for radio sources. They are now uncovering the processes that produce these microstructure emissions. While similar emissions had been discovered from more slowly rotating pulsars, this is the first time they have been discovered coming from millisecond pulsars.

In a multidisciplinary approach to conservation, ecologists, economists, geographers, activists and individuals from various other fields have come together to value the ecological and economic services of the Aghanashini estuary.

The Aghanashini River in Kumta taluk of Uttara Kannada district is one of the last undammed and pristine rivers on the west coast of Karnataka. The region surrounding the estuary boasts of various ecosystems including river, estuary, ocean, hills and dense mangroves that support rich biodiversity. The river also provides for close to 15,000 households who depend on it for food, water and other ecological services. Fisheries and bivalve collecting are still a major source of income for many households living here. The region also attracts many tourists from around the world who flock to the pleasant beaches in Gokarna, a nearby town.

Growth impairment, vision problems and chronic kidney ailment are hallmarks of cystinosis, a rare genetic disease that affects children, who, in most cases, do not survive into their adulthood. The disease affects one in about 250000 children worldwide and many of them go undiagnosed in the initial stages, only to be detected at a later stage when complications develop in the kidneys. Now, a new study by researchers and doctors at the Indian Institute of Science and Education Research (IISER), Mohali, and the Madras Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (MIOT), Chennai, may have clues to detecting this disease early on in Indian patients, thus opening up possibilities of early diagnosis and treatment.

The 6th of August 2012 is a date to be remembered in NASA’s history. On this day, it’s most successful Mars rover, Curiosity, landed on the Martian soil with the distinction of being the most precise landing in the history of Martian exploration. Curiosity is more than just a rover; it is a mobile laboratory that has uncovered a lot of previously unknown facts about the red planet. Having known that the Martian environment was, at one time, well suited to support microbial life, Curiosity is now busy searching for traces of microbial life on the planet.

India’s first dedicated space observatory, the ASTROSAT, has discovered a unique pair of stars in a binary system. In a recently published study, researchers from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Inter-University Centre of Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), have reported the discovery of an unusual companion (prey) to a ‘blue straggler’ (vampire star) in the nearby open cluster of stars called NGC 188. They have also observed that this system is unique in the sense that, of the two stars in the binary system, one of them has been feeding off of its companion till very recently. The science paper with the above result is published in Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the prevalent non-communicable diseases in the world, with India being infamously called the diabetes capital. A report by World Health Organization states that the number of diabetics has quadrupled since 1980 to 422 million adults globally. India has witnessed a dramatic rise in its diabetic population from 11.9 million in 1980 to 69.2 million in 2015. This alarming worldwide rise in the visibility of diabetes has prompted urgent research and intervention to alleviate its potentially catastrophic consequences. Prof. Milind Watve’s lab at the Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), Pune, is adding a new dimension to this research by studying the underlying pathogenesis of diseases like diabetes from an evolutionary perspective.

In peering through a thick early morning mist or looking into a smoke-filled room or scanning muddy waters, we encounter a common problem – vision through such media gets obscured, and we cannot see what lies within. And many a times we have wanted to take pictures in foggy conditions, only to get a coarse image with no discernible features. ‘Seeing’ in these conditions would seem impossible without expensive equipments like thermal imaging cameras or radar technologies. The dream of that perfect picture on a foggy morning could be closer to reality, thanks to a new research. A collaborative study by scientists from Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bengaluru, and the University of Rennes, France are working to make seeing through the haze a reality.

Genetic research is at a colossal high today, and although we know a lot about our genes, the roles of more than 30% of the functional genes in the human body are not really understood. This number can be even lower for other members of the biotic world. Studies to determine gene function involve combinations of various experimental methods at biochemical, cellular, and organismal levels. One such method, that is popularly employed, uses temperature-sensitive mutant genes that behave differently at different temperatures. The process of identifying and generating mutated genes, however, is laborious, time-consuming and relies heavily on chance. It is at this juncture that Prof. Raghavan Varadarajan and his team from the Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, suggest an innovative, yet fairly straightforward, technique to study gene functionality, which would make one wonder how no one thought of this earlier!