Researchers have used mathematical analysis of thermodynamics of small scale systems for effectively cooling down IC chips, photovoltaic cells, and gas turbine blades of aero-engines.
Breast cancer remains a significant challenge, particularly in aggressive forms like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This is a type of breast cancer where the tumour cells lack hormonal receptors, like estrogen receptors. This means that common breast cancer treatments targeting these receptors are not effective against TNBC, making it more challenging to treat and prone to spreading. Scientists are constantly searching for new ways to target the underlying mechanisms that allow these cancer cells to grow and spread unchecked.