Tuberculosis(TB) has claimed 1.8 million human lives globally according to World Health Organization, in 2015. Despite Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, the only available vaccine for TB, currently one-third of the world is latently infected with TB due to the incompetence of BCG in adults against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for TB.
Researchers have identified urban sewage as a critical hotspot for the evolution and spread of drug-resistant bacteria, highlighting an urgent need for nationwide wastewater monitoring to prevent future health crises.