New evidence from Martian valley networks confirms a gradual climate shift from warm and wet during the Noachian period, around 4 billion years ago, to cold and icy by the Hesperian period, around 3 billion years ago.

Life as we know it on Earth is possible because of water. Hence, the presence of water on our neighbouring ‘red planet’, Mars, was an important discovery. Taking forward the search for water on Mars, scientists from the Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, Sharda University, India, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, Spain and Centro de Astrobiología, Spain, have now discovered the widespread presence of liquid water on Mars using the latest technology.